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| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
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| Garrett, James L.. |
| This paper synthesizes the strategies put forth at a 2020 workshop on Latin America held in Cali, Colombia, in March 1995, which looked at ways to eradicate extreme poverty, hunger, and malnutrition by 2020; to distribute income more equitably; and to protect natural resources and the environment. The workshop participants concluded that today's freer economic environment and reduced barriers to trade will help Latin America to achieve this vision, provided the region makes full use of its resources and promotes social objectives. A strong food and agricultural system is essential to reach these goals. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1995 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16241 |
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| Garrett, James L.. |
| Contents: Overview, by James L. Garrett; An urbanizing world, by Martin Brockerhoff; Rural-urban interdependence, by Cecilia Tacoli; Urbanizing livelihoods and labor markets, by Arjan De Haan; Feeding the cities: food supply and distribution, by Olivio Argenti; The hidden significance of urban agriculture, by Luc J.A. Mougeot; Urbanization and the nutrition transition, by Barry M. Popkin; Urban women: balancing work and childcare, by Partrice L. Engle; Threats to urban health, by Carolyn Stephens; Programming for urban food and nutrition security, by Timothy R. Frankenberger, James L. Garrett, and Jeannie Downen; |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16037 |
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| Garrett, James L.; Ruel, Marie T.. |
| Undernutrition of children 0-60 months old in Mozambique is much higher in rural than in urban areas. Food security is about the same, although substantial regional differences exist. Given these outcomes, we hypothesized that the determinants of food security and nutritional status in rural and urban areas of Mozambique would differ as well. Yet we find that the determinants of food insecurity and malnutrition, and the magnitudes of their effects, are very nearly the same. The difference in observed outcomes appears primarily due to differences in the levels of critical determinants rather than in the nature of the determinants themselves. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94520 |
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| Haddad, Lawrence James; Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James L.. |
| The population of the developing world is becoming more urban. Are poverty and undernutrition beginning to relocate to urban areas as well? We use survey data on poverty (from 8 countries) and on child undernutrition (from 14 countries) to address this question. Using data from the past 15-20 years, we find that in a majority of countries the absolute number of poor and undernourished individuals living in urban areas has increased, as has the share of poverty and undernourishment coming from urban areas. Given these trends and the current stock of knowledge as to the levels, determinants, and solutions to urban poverty and undernutrition, we argue for more research on these issues. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94522 |
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| Garrett, James L.. |
| Policies built on presumptions of separateness or on traditional notions of urban and rural livelihoods diminish the possibilities for economic growth and poverty reduction. More effective policies will take the diversity of livelihoods along the continuum into account and also appreciate the differences among urban and rural areas and the links between them. Focusing on the connections between urban and rural areas can help to reframe our understanding of development in these areas. We can see that rural and urban lives and livelihood strategies span rural and urban geographies in integrated and interdependent ways. With better understanding of the current reality of urban and rural areas and the connections between them, policies will better reflect the... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42484 |
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| Low, Jan W.; Garrett, James L.; Ginja, Vitoria. |
| Cash transfer programs are rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper describes the evolution of a cash transfer program in major urban centers of Mozambique, from its inception in 1990 through two major reorganizations until October 1998. Appropriate design, strong multisectoral political support and adequate administrative capacity are critical factors determining the success of such programs. Key lessons applicable to other resource-poor countries designing social assistance programs are drawn, recommending adequate targeted support to truly destitute persons incapable of physical labor in urban areas where administrative costs are more manageable than in more isolated rural sites. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94513 |
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| Garrett, James L.. |
| Uno de los ele men tos nece sarios para proyec tar una visión del futuro con siste en entender dónde hemos estado antes. Como parte de la inicia tiva de la visión 2020 del IFPRI, en varios seminarios region ales cele bra dos en Amé rica Latina, Asia Meridi onal y África al Sur del Sahara se reunieron inves tigadores, anal istas, auto ridades de nivel nor mativo y espe cial is tas técnicos para for mular estrate gias region ales des tinadas a erra di car el ham bre y la mal nutrición en el año 2020 y, al mismo tiempo, pro teger el medio ambi ente. En el docu mento de tra bajo No. 6 se pre sentaron la visión 2020 y el plan de acción para Amé rica Latina. Una ver sión ante rior de ese docu mento, pre parada para el semi nario lati noamericano, per mitió... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42279 |
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| Engle, Patrice L.; Menon, Purnima; Garrett, James L.; Slack, Alison. |
| The UNICEF-expanded model for nutrition is used to analyze the circumstances of care in urban environments. The model postulates that there are six major types of care behaviors: feeding and breast-feeding, food preparation and handling, hygiene behavior, psychosocial care, care for women, and home health practices. These behaviors require the resources of education and knowledge of the caregivers, the physical and mental health of caregivers, autonomy in decisionmaking, time availability, and the social support of the family and community in order to ensure adequate care for the child. This paper describes each of these constraints, and two of the behaviors (feeding and health care utilization) in urban and rural areas. Data from Demographic and Health... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Child Feeding; Food handling; Urban health; Urbanization; Education; Research; Gender; Health and Nutrition; Education; Childcare and work; Livelihoods; Urban programming; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97296 |
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| Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James L.. |
| In this paper we discuss the wide disparities that exist in childhood malnutrition, food insecurity and livelihoods within urban areas which, when combined with the mobility of urban residents, add to the complexity of designing, targeting and implementing urban programmes. Livelihood security in urban areas is dependent on cash income, especially for food expenditures, and hence employment. For women, employment brings about the need for support with childcare; we analyse a programme that provides the double benefit of delivering affordable and reliable childcare for extended hours, and allowing women to secure a more formal employment and obtaining employment benefits. Other factors that need to be considered in shaping urban programmes include land and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Urban food security; Food expenditures; Employment; Childcare; Urban programming; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12002 |
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| Smith, Natalia; Garrett, James L.; Vardhan, Vishnu. |
| This report provides an overview of the food and nutrition security situation in the city of Hyderabad. The empirical evidence reviewed in this paper was collected primarily through: (i) electronic bibliographic searches, (ii) informational meetings with key actors in Hyderabad, (iii) data from the second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2) completed in 1998/9, and (iv) qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in selected communities in Hyderabad. The review presents a conceptual model of food and nutrition security that it then uses to frame an exploration of the conditions and causes of food insecurity and malnutrition in Hyderabad. The report also describes food and nutrition programs operating in Hyderabad. It concludes by highlighting... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6369 |
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| Garrett, James L.; Downen, Jeanne. |
| An understanding of urban issues is extremely important for programming, especially for organizations that have traditionally focused on assisting poor households and communities in rural areas. Development organizations and governments frequently use rapid assessment methods because they have limited resources and little time to devote to longer-term, more complex research projects. Generally these methods employ qualitative techniques to solicit information from relatively small numbers of people. The size and diversity of the urban environment complicate the ability of these methods to generate a reliable, representative picture of urban livelihoods and the needs and constraints facing the urban poor. CARE’s experiences in Bangladesh and Tanzania... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16451 |
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| Ruel, Marie T.; Haddad, Lawrence James; Garrett, James L.. |
| This review of recent literature explores the challenges to urban food and nutrition security in the rapidly urbanizing developing world. The premise of the manuscript is that the causes of malnutrition and food insecurity in urban and rural areas are different due primarily to a number of phenomena that are unique to or exacerbated by urban living. These areas include (1) a greater dependence on cash income; (2) weaker informal safety nets; (3) greater labor force participation of women and its consequences for child care; (4) lifestyle changes, particularly diet and exercise patterns; (5) greater availability of public services, but questionable access by the poor; (6) greater exposure to environmental contamination; and (7) governance by a new, possibly... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94521 |
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| Garrett, James L.; Ruel, Marie T.. |
| Objective: This paper explores the global prevalence of an emerging phenomenon-the coexistence of a stunted child and an overweight mother in the same household. It also tests whether this phenomenon is associated with a country's level of economic development and urbanization. Policy directions for public nutrition are highlighted. Design: Data from 36 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) were used (23 in Africa, 8 in Latin America, and 5 in Asia). Stunting was defined as height-for-age < - 2 SD of the reference population and maternal overweight as a body mass index (BMI) of > 25 kg/m2. World Bank and United Nations figures were used for GNP per capita (our indicator of economic development) and for level of urbanization, respectively. Descriptive... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16442 |
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| Registros recuperados: 24 | |
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